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Five Years Post-PASPA: The Spread of Legal Sports Betting in the USA

Five years ago, the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) was repealed by the Supreme Court, kicking off one of the fastest periods of gambling legalization ever seen in the USA.
The repeal of PASPA, which had prevented all but a handful of states from regulating sports betting, started a revolution in real money betting that has forever changed the US gambling industry.
Five years later, it’s time to look back at how the market has developed and the legal, economic, and social effects of this monumental change.
The Context: The Downfall of PASPA
PASPA was a federal law that came into effect in 1992. It included all states except Nevada, Oregon, Montana, and Delaware, which were excluded because their laws already had sports betting provisions.
PASPA outlawed sports betting in all other states, effectively banning it nationwide. This didn’t mean that sports betting wasn’t happening; it was just an underground, offshore activity.
PASPA remained in force until May 2018, when the Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional. This was thanks almost entirely to the efforts of New Jersey, under the leadership of Governor Chris Christie, who brought the legal challenge after trying to legalize online sports betting in 2011 and 2014. New Jersey argued that part of PASPA violated the anti-commandeering doctrine (the tenth amendment), which, in overly simple terms, prevents the federal government from coercing states to adopt or enforce federal laws.
The District Court first heard New Jersey’s case, then the Third Circuit, with both ruling against them. However, upon appeal, the case was heard by the Supreme Court (SCOTUS) on May 14th, 2018. SCOTUS agreed that PASPA violated the anti-commandeering principle, rescinding the entire act and stating that PASPA was meant to work as a whole, meaning that if part of it was not legally viable, the whole act must be struck down.
Legal Outlook: 38 States Legal, 12 To Go
With PASPA gone, each state now had the right to decide whether to legalize sports betting, with a majority opting to. As of November 2023, 38 states have said yes, passing new laws that allow retail sports betting. Online sports betting is also available in 26.
There are 12 states left to legalize. Three of them (South Carolina, Alabama, and California) face strong opposition, and the remaining nine are looking to introduce bills in the 2024/2025 legislative sessions. North Carolina and Minnesota are tipped to be the next to join the fray, and Oklahoma introduced a new proposal two months ago.
The legal landscape remains complex, with different rules, regulators, and taxation regimes in each state. On top of this, in certain locations, the presence of tribal gaming compacts has conflicted with commercial interests (the ongoing case of Florida sports betting and tribal opposition in California serve as perfect examples).
Growth of Online Casinos – Not Going As Planned
While there was no guarantee, many industry experts and commentators hoped that the legalization of sports betting would soon be followed by online casino regulation. However, thus far, only six states have legalized online casinos: New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Michigan, West Virginia, and Connecticut, the latest to join the ranks, passing HB 6451 in 2021. Since then, there’s been no further movement for online casinos.
Players outside the mentioned states may only use land-based casinos or free social gaming sites where available. Sweepstakes casinos are also available across the country, Idaho and Washington aside. As a legitimate gaming option, sweepstakes are taking the US by storm, but just like with real online casinos, players should use a review site to find the best options.
As sweepstakes casinos don’t require a license in the USA, expert advice such as Casino Cabbie’s Wow Vegas Online Casino Review highlights any security issues and the benefits and pitfalls of each site as well before players sign up, making them an invaluable resource.
Economics: More Than $220 Billion Spent On Sports Betting Since 2018
One of the biggest drivers of sports betting legalization is the promise of potential tax revenue. The US sports betting industry is enormous, and since 2018, more than $220 billion has been spent on wagers, contributing over $3 billion in state taxes. The revenue earned by states has been instrumental in funding local projects and new initiatives, as well as responsible gambling research and support.
More in-depth and up-to-date research focusing on the exact economic contribution of sports betting is thin on the ground, and the last comprehensive study by Oxford Economics was published in 2017. At the time, it detailed that the entire sports betting industry created over 216,671 jobs.
Due to the lack of current data, we’re left to turn to figures charting the impact of the entire gambling industry, which includes casinos and sports betting. According to statistics from the American Gaming Association in 2022, US gambling is a powerhouse industry, creating, in total, 1.8 million US jobs, with $104.2 billion in wages (these figures include the entire supply chain).
There can be no argument that over the last five years, US sports betting has been a substantial economic contributor, helping state governments recover from COVID-19, creating jobs, and stimulating economic growth.
Social: 77% of American Adults Support Legalization in their State
Legally and economically, things have changed rapidly in the States since the repeal of PASPA, but what about the social impacts?
Research shows that 85% of Americans think the removal of PASPA was correct, with 77% now supporting sports betting legalization in their state. Moreover, the number of Americans open to placing sports bets has grown by 24 million since 2019. With many enjoying the newly legal betting options available to them, public attitudes towards gambling as a whole have seemingly softened.
With many states also benefiting from increased government budgets brought through sports betting tax revenue, it’s important to recognize the benefits this has made to social provisions. Many states have used the influx to contribute more money to education funds and other social causes, like reducing homelessness.
A proportion of the money is also used to fund state problem gambling assistance, with many running state-based hotlines and counseling services. Nonetheless, in many cases, this funding is not enough to offset the increased rates of gambling harms caused by legalization.
Future Outlook: Challenges and Concerns
Looking forward, the US online sports betting industry has a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.33% for 2023-2027, meaning there’s much more to come. However, this rapid growth will lead to some challenges.
Offshore gambling has been a considerable issue for the legal sports betting market. In 2022, The American Gaming Association estimated that Americans wagered $63.8 billion with illegal bookies, costing $3.8 billion in lost gaming revenue and $700 million in state taxes.
While offshore gambling is reducing, the latest data shows that 77% of online sports bets are now placed through regulated operators, compared to just 44% in 2019. However, things are not all rosy, and 48% of those who bet offshore believe they are placing legal wagers.
Gambling addiction also poses a considerable threat to the sustainability of the entire US gambling industry, with some states recently reporting problem gambling rates over 6%, which is three times the national average (to contextualize this figure better, the UK has a problem gambling rate of 0.2%). High rates of problem gambling twinned with rapid growth potentially represent a ticking time bomb that could rock the entire US industry.
It’s undoubtedly been an incredible five years for US bettors and sportsbooks; as a newer gambling market, the US must now look to more mature gambling jurisdictions to see what player protection methods work best and implement them sooner rather than later.
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BAFTA and DCM release star-studded cinema trailer to celebrate the art of video game storytelling

- Actress Susan Wokoma stars alongside Baldur’s Gate 3 duo, Samantha Béart and Neil Newbon, Doug Cockle (Witcher 3), Jane Douglas (games presenter), and Sir Ian Livingstone, co-founder of Games Workshop.
- The trailer launches in cinema ahead of the 21st BAFTA Games Awards on Tuesday 8 April.
- Research conducted by BAFTA found young adults say video games are important to their wellbeing and a form of social connection (YouGov)
BAFTA and DCM (Digital Cinema Media) have teamed up with award-winning actress Susan Wokoma to create a national cinema advertising campaign that promotes and celebrates the art of storytelling in video games. It’s the third campaign delivered by the partnership and is releasing in cinemas ahead of the 21st BAFTA Games Awards on Tuesday 8 April 2025.
The 105 second trailer was produced by Common People Films and DCM Studios, with Jennifer Sheridan directing the film. Susan features alongside famous faces from games – such as Samantha Béart and Neil Newbon from Baldur’s Gate 3 – who share their love for video games with cinema audiences nationwide.
Jeremy Kolesar, Creative Director, DCM Studios, “We’ve seen a flourishing intersection between games, film and TV in the UK. Whether it’s a franchise-inspired series or film, a narrative-driven game, or an engaging acting performance, each medium strengthens the other. We’ve tried to capture this in our third cinema campaign with BAFTA, which draws from the diverse UK games industry to inspire the next generation of talent with an adventurous cinematic experience.”
World-renowned for its annual Film Awards, BAFTA has been celebrating the craft, skill and creativity of the games industry for over 20 years, spotlighting the best games and talent in its annual Games Awards ceremony.
The cinema trailer explores the connectivity between film, games and TV, highlighting the depth of video game storytelling and the many varied games that captivate audiences worldwide.
Tony Roberts, Founder/ EP, Common People Films: “This is the second time BATFA and DCM have asked us to bring their brand and message to life and we’re incredibly proud of the work we deliver for both of them. Having a diverse roster of talent, it was exciting to get our directors to write with a focus in games this time round and we think Jennifer has captured something very special. The games industry is a jewel in the crown of British industry and should be celebrated. Another great collaboration.”
BAFTA and YouGov research
As an arts charity, BAFTA supports the next generation of screen talent through various initiatives, bursaries and scholarships. Three alumni of BAFTA’s programmes were given paid roles on the production of this trailer – Jade Fabiyi (camera), Reece Grant (Art Department) and Shona Hart (Stagehand).
This ethos is reflected in the UK cinema placement of the campaign, which targets 16-34 year-olds during the preshow for multiple blockbuster releases. This includes the new A Minecraft movie, based on one of the best-selling video game franchises of all time.
Recent research conducted by BAFTA with YouGov found that:
- Adults aged 18-34 consider video games as important to wellbeing, with a third (31%) citing video games as a form of self-care (higher than Film – 28% or TV – 27%) and 39% of 18-34s consider video games as a form of social connection (compared to 30% Film/TV).
- Over half of UK adults see games as ‘a form of entertainment’ (54%). However, only 1 in 5 consider games as great storytelling (20%) and there is lower awareness that games contain meaningful messages about today’s world (9%) compared to TV (33%)
- Over half (53%) of 18-34s would trust the quality of a game that has been nominated or won a BAFTA Games Award.
- Two thirds (62%) of UK adults were not aware that some of the world’s most celebrated games are made in the UK, and 1 in 5 would be more likely to play a game made in the UK (21%).
Donna Mathews, Executive Director of Engagement, Marketing and Communications at BAFTA said: “BAFTA is known for celebrating excellence in the screen arts and games are no exception. Our members recognise the craft, skill and creativity that goes into making every game and our Awards showcase the incredible variety of games on offer. Like TV and film, games are a way to explore stories and learn about the world around us and young adults see games as more than a form of entertainment, with many considering games important to their wellbeing and social connection. The UK games industry is a world-leading creative force, with talented people making games up and down the country, so with thanks to DCM and Common People Films we are putting games on the big screen to share our appreciation of this art form with audiences nationwide too.”
Susan Wokoma said: “Film, TV and games are connected by the passion of the people who make it. It takes so many people to make these things and seeing people really take ownership of their story and their passion, that’s the thing that threads throughout all of those mediums.”
Jennifer Sheridan, director, said: “What makes gaming so captivating is its ability to fully immerse you in the story. It invites you to engage with the narrative interactively. The beauty of storytelling in games lies in how your experience can be completely unique, even if you’re playing the same game as someone else. This film celebrates that diversity and the incredible journeys that games can take you on.”
The post BAFTA and DCM release star-studded cinema trailer to celebrate the art of video game storytelling appeared first on European Gaming Industry News.
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Relax Gaming roars into action with the release of Tiger Shrine

Relax Gaming, the iGaming aggregator and supplier of unique content, invites players to take a walk on the wild side with the release of Tiger Shrine.
Set deep in the heart of the Asian jungle, this 6×4 slot introduces players to a world of fierce creatures and engaging features and mechanics, including Reel Expansion, stacked symbols, Multiplier Wilds and Free Spins that can push players towards a max win of 10,000x.
Landing three or more bonus symbols anywhere on the reels allows players to choose from one of three Bonus Game modes: Reel Expansion, Symbol Upgrade and Multiplier Upgrade.
Reel Expansion mode sees players collect coins to increase the number of symbols on the reel, unlocking up to 117,649 ways to win. Symbol Upgrade mode sees players hunt for coins that transform animal symbols into the highest-paying Tiger symbol. Multiplier Upgrade mode increases the values of all Multiplier Wilds whenever a coin is collected.
Wild symbols can land at any time carrying multipliers worth up to x5 during base gameplay, while the Multiplier Upgrade mode can push these values even higher.
The Bonus Game modes can be accessed immediately via a Buy Feature that offers players guaranteed entry at 60x their bet or a Super Bonus entry at 250x their bet, which grants 25 free spins.
Shelley Hannah, CPO at Relax Gaming, said: “Tiger Shrine is a great addition to our award-winning portfolio of slots, and we can’t wait to see players get stuck into it! The medium volatility and buffalo-style gameplay is accompanied by some fierce features and mechanics, which can make sure it lives up to the high expectations we have for it.”
The post Relax Gaming roars into action with the release of Tiger Shrine appeared first on European Gaming Industry News.
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Vegas Kings Becomes a Certified Playtech Provider, Strengthening Industry Leadership

Collaboration between Playtech and Vegas Kings brings enhanced iGaming creative and development solutions to operators
Vegas Kings, the most experienced iGaming web design and development agency, is proud to announce it has joined as a partner in the Playtech SAAS Marketplace. This partnership with Playtech, one of the largest platform providers in the iGaming industry, marks a significant milestone in their 26+ year journey of delivering innovative solutions and high-quality services to global gaming operators.
As a certified provider, Vegas Kings now offers a seamless extension of Playtech’s cutting-edge platform capabilities. With a history of successful collaborations with Playtech clients like PlayTsogo and betOcean, Vegas Kings is well-positioned to support operators in enhancing user experiences, optimizing acquisition strategies and driving brand success across all verticals.
Expanding Horizons with Playtech
This certification enables Vegas Kings to deliver tailored creative design and technical development services to Playtech’s vast client network. From comprehensive solutions like logo and web design, 3D development and CRM marketing assets to bespoke front-end development on Playtech’s platform, our services are designed to drive impactful results for operators.
“We are super excited to deepen our partnership with Playtech, a brand synonymous with innovation and excellence in the iGaming space. This certification underscores our dedication to delivering industry-leading solutions that empower operators to excel in regulated markets worldwide,” said Ashley Adir, CEO of Vegas Kings.
“As our SAAS program continues to expand, we are thrilled to be partnering with top-quality suppliers in the agency space. This collaboration enables operators to access exceptional support in design, creative, and campaign management. Vegas Kings have been long-standing partners with Playtech, and their outstanding work and expertise make them a great choice. I look forward to seeing this partnership flourish and grow.” said Mark Allan-Jones, SAAS Commercials Partnerships Manager of Playtech.
Driving the Future of iGaming
Vegas Kings’ unique blend of creativity, technical expertise, and deep industry knowledge makes us an ideal partner for Playtech’s clients. Together, we aim to innovate and elevate the iGaming experience for operators and players alike, ensuring seamless integration, high-quality designs, and exceptional user engagement.
The post Vegas Kings Becomes a Certified Playtech Provider, Strengthening Industry Leadership appeared first on European Gaming Industry News.
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